リー代数入門
Introduction to Lie Algebras
(Graduate Studies in Mathematics Vol. 248)
American Mathematical Society
ISBN 978-1-4704-7499-7
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Being both a beautiful theory and a valuable tool, Lie algebras form a very important area of mathematics. This modern introduction targets entry-level graduate students. It might also be of interest to those wanting to refresh their knowledge of the area and be introduced to newer material. Infinite dimensional algebras are treated extensively along with the finite dimensional ones.
After some motivation, the text gives a detailed and concise treatment of the Killing–Cartan classification of finite dimensional semisimple algebras over algebraically closed fields of characteristic 0. Important constructions such as Chevalley bases follow. The second half of the book serves as a broad introduction to algebras of arbitrary dimension, including Kac–Moody (KM), loop, and affine KM algebras. Finite dimensional semisimple algebras are viewed as KM algebras of finite dimension, their representation and character theory developed in terms of integrable representations. The text also covers triangular decomposition (after Moody and Pianzola) and the BGG category O
. A lengthy chapter discusses the Virasoro algebra and its representations. Several applications to physics are touched on via differential equations, Lie groups, superalgebras, and vertex operator algebras.
Each chapter concludes with a problem section and a section on context and history. There is an extensive bibliography, and appendices present some algebraic results used in the book.
GAP システムによる次数理論と
対称方程式
Degree Theory and Symmetric Equations Assisted by GAP System
(Mathematical Surveys and Monographs Vol. 286)
American Mathematical Society
ISBN:978-1-4704-7713-4
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Symmetries are a common feature of real-world phenomena in many fields, including physics, biology, materials science, and engineering. They can help understand the behavior of a system and optimize engineering designs. Nonlinear effects such as delays, nonsmoothness, and hysteresis can have a significant impact on the dynamics and contribute to the increased complexity of symmetric systems. The goal of this book is to provide a complete theoretical and practical manual for studying a large class of dynamical problems with symmetries using degree theory methods. To study the impact of symmetries on the occurrence of periodic solutions in dynamical systems, special variants of the Brouwer degree, the Brouwer equivariant degree, and the twisted equivariant degree are developed to predict patterns, regularities, and symmetries of solutions. Applications to specific dynamical systems and examples are supported by a software package integrated with the GAP system, which provides assistance in the group-theoretic computations involved in equivariant analysis. This book is intended for readers with a basic knowledge of analysis and algebra, including researchers in pure and applied mathematical analysis, graduate students, and scientists interested in areas involving mathematical modeling of symmetric phenomena. The text is self-contained, and the necessary background material is provided in the appendices.